Category: Diabetes

Adipose triglyceride (TG) lipase (ATGL) is the rate-limiting enzyme of TG catabolism at the surface of lipid droplets (LDs). In pancreatic β-cells, lipolysis by ATGL increases with glucose and produces metabolites that support glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). Upregulation of lipolysis by glucose is blunted in human islets affected by type 2 diabetes. However, how glucose […]

In the article cited above, the first affiliation for author Chieh-Kai Chan was incomplete as published. The complete affiliation is Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsinchu City, Taiwan. Source link

The subcutaneous (SQ) space is a promising site for islet transplantation to treat type 1 diabetes. We hypothesize that nanofibrous bioabsorbable functionalized scaffolds (BAFS) implanted in the SQ space will create a highly vascularized niche that will support islet engraftment. Electrospun poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and gelatin (G) (PLGA + G) scaffolds functionalized with vascular endothelial growth factor […]

Worldwide metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is the leading cause of chronic liver disease. Despite high global prevalence, MASLD is not yet recognized as a noncommunicable disease, although all of the criteria are fulfilled for such a classification. MASLD is strongly associated with type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, and certain extrahepatic […]

Accumulating evidence indicates that diabetes is associated with increased risk of several cancers. The strongest evidence has been reported for cancers of the breast, colorectum, endometrium, liver, pancreas, and gallbladder. However, distinguishing causal relationships from associations driven by shared risk factors such as obesity, aging, and lifestyle behaviors remains challenging. Several biological mechanisms have been […]

Infections represent major but underrecognized complications of type 1 diabetes (T1D), type 2 diabetes (T2D), and prediabetes. This recent overview includes use of linked U.K. primary care, hospitalization, and mortality data to examine infection risk for >800,000 individuals with diabetes or prediabetes, compared with an age-, sex-, and ethnicity-matched group without diabetes. We assessed 1) […]

Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DbCM) is commonly defined as ventricular dysfunction in a person living with diabetes in the absence of hypertension and/or coronary artery disease (CAD). There is increasing recognition in the field that this is a poor definition to reflect the pathology of DbCM, as many individuals with diabetes (both type 1 and type 2) […]

Thickening of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) is one of the most common pathological changes in diabetic nephropathy (DN), but its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Collagen α1(IV) is predominantly expressed by endothelial cells and upregulated in the glomeruli in DN. Glucose transporter type 1 (GLUT1) serves as the primary transporter for glucose uptake in endothelial […]

One-third of patients with diabetes will develop end-stage kidney disease, and approximately one-half of the patients requiring kidney transplantation in the U.S. suffer from diabetes. In 2002, Yamada, Sachs, and their colleagues explored the renal subcapsular site for islet implantation in a partially inbred miniature swine model. All pancreatectomized pigs that received autologous islets under […]

Abdominal obesity with hyperinsulinemia reflects a prediabetic risk state signified by metabolic inflexibility and an overreliance on glucose as a metabolic fuel in skeletal muscle. There is limited information on net metabolic substrate flux across human skeletal muscle under physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Using arteriovenous difference sampling across the forearm in overweight (n = 9) […]