Category: Diabetes

Introduction and Objective: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) were proposed to exert neuroprotective effects. Preliminary data from the EVOKE placebo-controlled phase-3 trials indicate that 2-year oral semaglutide therapy, although improving Alzheimer’s-related biomarkers, did not mitigate disease progression in people with early Alzheimer’s, mostly without type 2 diabetes (T2D). It remains unclear whether GLP-1 RAs […]

Introduction and Objective: The SELECT trial of patients with BMI ≥27 kg/m2 and CVD without diabetes found a 20% reduction in major adverse CV events (MACE) with semaglutide. Proteomic analysis in the STEP 1 trial yielded proteins modulated by semaglutide. For six of these proteins with genetic evidence for causal effects on cardiovascular disease (CVD), […]

Introduction and Objective: In South Carolina (SC), women with or at risk for diabetes often experience a lack of preventive care, fragmented services, and inadequate follow-up. These challenges are further compounded during pregnancy. The Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) a program of Diabetes Free SC (DFSC), was developed to improve diabetes prevention, education, and management for […]

Introduction and Objective: The relative contribution of circulating glucose and insulin concentrations to glucagon secretion in healthy individuals is unknown. We therefore assessed glucagon secretion using [13C9,15N1]-glucagon tracer at varying insulin and glucose concentrations in healthy individuals.Methods: After overnight fast, twelve healthy individuals underwent three separate clamp visits (hypo-, eu-, hyper-glycemia) in random order at […]

Introduction and Objective: A novel fully autonomous microneedle array sensor providing semi-quantitative real-time glucose ranges expressed as three colors (Fig 1), activity and sleep data (Biolinq Incorporated, San Diego, CA) was developed to improve adherence in users with low numeracy burdened by CGM for safety and accuracy.Methods: A trial was conducted at 6 US sites […]

Introduction and Objective: While the effect of remote patient monitoring (RPM) on diabetes is typically measured by A1C and TIR, these metrics obscure hypoglycemia and glucose excursions. The Glycemia Risk Index (GRI) is a validated composite metric that integrates both high- and low-glucose exposure to provide a comprehensive assessment of glycemic risk. The GRI stratifies […]

Introduction and Objective: Lipotoxicity causes diabetic vascular injury. While mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) are key, the role of complex I reverse electron transport (RET) is unclear. We aimed to define RET’s mechanistic role.Methods: We used palmitic acid (PA)-treated endothelial cells and high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. Assays included mtROS, NAD+/NADH, metabolism, and RNA-seq. RET was probed using […]

Introduction and Objective: Glycemic Management Indicator (GMI) is a continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) metric increasingly used to identify prediabetes. However, alignment of this with laboratory glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and other CGM metrics varies, especially at lower glucose levels, risking overdiagnosis of prediabetes. We assessed HbA1c-GMI discordance and evaluated a physiological updated GMI (uGMI) for better […]

Introduction and Objective: Whether metformin affects dementia risk is unclear. We examined the association of randomized metformin (MET) vs placebo (PBO) and Intensive Lifestyle (ILS) interventions in the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) with cognitive impairment (CI) in the DPP Outcomes Study (DPPOS).Methods: Participants (n=1483, mean age 74 ± 8.4) were evaluated for prevalent CI in […]

Introduction and Objective: We examined the association between a composite social determinant of health (SDOH) score and incident coronary heart disease (CHD), adjusting for genetic susceptibility to CHD and traditional risk factors, among adults with T2D.Methods: We used data from 71,916 All of Us Research Program (AoU) participants with T2D who are free of CHD. […]