Month: August 2026

Impaired cognitive function caused by insulin-induced hypoglycemia is a complication of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) for which no protective strategies are currently available. In this first-in-human mechanistic study using magnetic resonance spectroscopy, the direct contribution of the infused ketone β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) to brain metabolism during clamped hypoglycemia was greater in participants with T1DM than […]

Obesity is a major contributor to cardiometabolic disease, and pharmacological therapies, such as semaglutide, are increasingly used to induce weight loss. However, the commonly used diet-induced obesity model in C57BL/6J mice is limited by relative resistance to weight gain in females, complicating the study of sex-specific effects. Here, we used leptin-deficient ob/ob mice, which develop […]

Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) maintains the cellular NAD+ pool, and diminished adipocyte NAMPT activity has been implicated in aging- and obesity-related metabolic dysfunction. We generated adipocyte-specific NAMPT overexpressing (ANOV) mice and examined their metabolic phenotypes. Male ANOV mice were protected from high-fat diet–induced metabolic dysfunction, including the development of adipose tissue inflammation and glucose intolerance. In […]

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) impacts more than 9 million individuals globally. Despite a century since the isolation and clinical introduction of insulin, exogenous insulin injections remain the primary form of treatment for T1D. While continuous glucose monitoring systems and optimized insulin delivery reduce life-threatening hypoglycemic events, they do not provide a permanent cure. Transplantation of […]

The pharmacological actions of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) in type 2 diabetes (T2D) remain incompletely defined. We evaluated the acute effects of intravenous GIP infusion at a pharmacological dose on glucose homeostasis and cardiovascular responses during hyperglycemia in individuals with T2D. Ten participants, whose T2D was managed by diet and/or metformin monotherapy (n = 4 […]

Accumulation of DNA damage drives β-cell dysfunction, senescence, and death in type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Although α-cell dysfunction also contributes to disease pathology, α-cells remain remarkably resistant to senescence and increased cell death under diabetogenic stress. The mechanisms underlying these differential responses to diabetogenic stress, particularly differences in their DNA damage vulnerability, remain […]

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of vision loss and is associated with reduced nuclear retinoid X receptor (RXR) activity. Retinal explants exposed to high glucose showed downregulation of RXR, peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor (PPAR), and liver X receptor-β and their lipid metabolism targets (Abca1, Scd1, and Acox1). Supplementation with the RXR agonist UAB126 restored […]

This study aimed to identify integrated body composition patterns and evaluate their sex-specific associations with incident type 2 diabetes (T2D). Among 258,500 UK Biobank participants free of diabetes at baseline, principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to 28 anthropometric, fat, lean, bone, and muscle strength traits. Cox models assessed associations with incident T2D, and least […]

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a major cause of vision loss in working-age adults with diabetes. Increasing evidence implicates neuroinflammation as a vital element in the disease process of DR, yet the molecular mechanisms by which neuroinflammation activation occurs are not fully understood. This study shows that elevated glucose levels enhance O-GlcNAcylation of voltage-dependent anion channel […]