Month: June 2026

Introduction and Objective: Pregnant individuals experience progressive shifts in substrate metabolism and insulin resistance to support fetal growth. Although prenatal exercise is recommended to improve maternal metabolic health, the effect of different exercise modes on maternal glycemia and insulin resistance remains unclear. Therefore, the objective was to determine whether exercise mode influences maternal fasting blood […]

Introduction and Objective: Prolonged fasting induces a metabolic switch from glucose to ketone utilization, which may influence cognitive function and metabolic health. However, data on cognitive effects of prolonged fasting (≥24 h), ketone-confirmed metabolic switching, and sex-specific responses remain limited.Methods: In a randomized, within-subject crossover pilot study, healthy adults (18-55 years) completed a control condition […]

Introduction and Objective: Gestational diabetes (GDM) increases future cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, but the link between gestational glucose intolerance (GGI), subclinical hyperglycemia in pregnancy that does not meet criteria for GDM, and CVD is unclear. We examined the association between GGI and future CVD risk.Methods: This was a single-center, retrospective study (1998-2016) in an electronic […]

Introduction and Objective: Substantial research has demonstrated that glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i) combination therapy plays an important role in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Here, we investigated the potential synergistic hypoglycemic effects of HDM1010, which is a combination product of HDM1002 and SGLT-2i in a […]

Introduction and Objective: Maternal fasting triglycerides (FTG), mainly hepatic VLDL TG, are higher in obese pregnancies and rise substantially over gestation under the influence of a 100-fold increase in placental estradiol (EST). Historically this rise was thought to occur in a dose-dependent pattern to support maternal metabolism as glucose is spared for fetal growth. Data […]

Introduction and Objective: IcoSema is a once-weekly combination therapy of insulin icodec + semaglutide. This post hoc analysis assessed CGM-based metrics of IcoSema vs glargine U100 using blinded CGM data from COMBINE 4, a 40-week, phase 3b trial in T2D.Methods: Adults with T2D inadequately controlled on oral glucose-lowering medications were randomized 1:1 to IcoSema or […]

Introduction and Objective: Pancreatic β-cell number increases during pregnancy to compensate for insulin resistance. While this involves β-cell proliferation a transdifferentiation from other islet cell types, such as somatostatin (Sst)-secreting δ-cells, may also occur. It is unclear whether δ-cell mass (DCM) is also increased during pregnancy, the extent to which transdifferentiation contributes to increased β-cell […]

Introduction and Objective: Hypertriglyceridemia may explain higher atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk in women with type 2 diabetes (T2D) than men. We examined the causal relationship between triglycerides (TG) and ASCVD in men (M) and women (W) with T2D.Methods: We included participants with T2D from the Electronic Medical Records and Genomics (eMERGE) Network, who had […]

Introduction and Objective: Late-stage pregnancy induces a physiological shift toward accelerated starvation, characterized by attenuated glucose use, enhanced fatty acid oxidation, and elevated circulating ketones. Ketones cross the placenta and remain key substrates postnatally, with the neonatal brain consuming ~50% of hepatic output to sustain lipid biosynthesis and energy demands. The consequences of supraphysiological ketone […]