This issue will review: 1. Real-World Prospective Validation and Economic Evaluation of Deep Learning-based Diabetic Retinopathy Detection from Fundus Photographs: A Systematic Review and Meta- Analysis 2. Orforglipron, an oral small-molecule GLP-1 receptor agonist, for the treatment of obesity in people with type 2 diabetes (ATTAIN-2): a phase 3, double-blind, randomised, multicentre, placebo-controlled trial 3. […]
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In this special edition on Obesity as a Chronic Disease our host, Dr. Neil Skolnik will discuss the root causes of obesity, the hormonal changes and metabolic adaptation that occurs when a person has obesity, and the implications of understanding obesity as a chronic disease for clinical practice. This special episode is supported by an […]
Read MoreThe browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) enhances thermogenesis and represents a promising approach for combating obesity and metabolic disorders. miRNA-494 (miR-494) acts as a suppressor of browning in cultured adipocytes via regulation of peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor γ coactivator 1α, and its inhibition is expected to promote browning and thereby improve obesity and metabolic disorders. […]
Read MoreFibroblasts play a pivotal role in wound healing, particularly during the proliferative and remodeling phase, where they migrate to the injury site, proliferate, and synthesize essential extracellular matrix (ECM) components such as collagen and fibronectin (FN). However, fibroblast functionality is compromised because of factors such as vascular dysfunction and oxidative stress in diabetic wounds, leading […]
Read MoreIndirect calorimetry determines energy expenditure by measuring respiratory gas exchange. The approach is based on the principle that nutrient metabolism consumes O2 and produces CO2 and water in predictable ratios that can be compared with heat production. Due to the impracticality and high cost of direct calorimetry, indirect calorimetry is the major approach for modern […]
Read MoreCurrent imaging technologies cannot detect diabetic retinopathy until there has been significant permanent damage to patients’ vision. We hypothesized that hyperglycemia causes retinal hypoxia, and hypoxia may lead to apoptosis of retinal cells. We performed experiments using a mouse model of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes to investigate the role of hyperglycemia in diabetic eye disease. Our […]
Read MoreYounger-onset type 2 diabetes (T2D) (onset <40 years) represents a growing global health challenge, characterized by heterogenous pathophysiology and accelerated complications. Current one-size-fits-all treatment approaches may be inadequate for this population. To address this heterogeneity, we performed clinical variable-based clustering using BMI, onset age, HbA1c, and HOMA2 indices in 717 participants across discovery and validation […]
Read MoreType 2 diabetes is a complex disease influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Although polygenic risk scores (PRS) and family history (FH) are established predictors, their combined utility in East Asian populations remains unclear. In this study, we analyzed 111,899 unrelated participants from the Taiwan Biobank with linkage to nationwide health registry data. We […]
Read MoreThe parasympathetic nervous system modulates hormone and digestive enzyme secretion from the pancreas. However, the mechanisms of neuroeffector transmission within the final parasympathetic pathway in the pancreas have not been elucidated. Here, we demonstrate that intrapancreatic cholinergic neurons are bona fide postganglionic neurons that functionally couple vagal input to target cells in the pancreas. In […]
Read MoreAlthough control of metabolism by leptin is primarily viewed as centrally mediated, leptin has also been shown to directly regulate adipocyte function. However, the impact of the peripheral effects of leptin on systemic metabolism, especially in the context of obesity, remains unclear. To address this question, we selectively restored adipocyte leptin receptor (LEPR) expression in […]
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