Category: Diabetes

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and diabetic cardiomyopathy continue to drive excess morbidity and mortality in diabetes, underscoring a critical gap between mechanistic insight and clinical translation. Growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15), a stress-inducible cytokine of the transforming growth factor-β superfamily, has emerged as a critical biomarker and putative modulator of metabolic inflammation. Yet the field remains […]

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a predominant cause of vision impairment among working-age individuals, with a subset of patients responding poorly to current treatments. This study investigated alterations in double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) levels in the aqueous humor and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) dysfunction in DR patients, exploring the potential role of the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)–STING […]

We investigated whether lowering dietary carbohydrate content and glycemic index (GI) levels altered deep lipidomic profiles and whether these changes were associated with improved diurnal postprandial glucose response (PPGR). In the OmniCarb trial, 59 adults completed 5-week controlled feeding interventions (low carbohydrate/low GI vs. high carbohydrate/high GI) and 12-h meal tests. Comprehensive lipidomic profiling was […]

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of vision loss in the working-age population, with public health economic implications worldwide. Systemic inflammation and leukocyte activation are early events in diabetes, whereas microglial activation, neuroinflammation, and retinal neurodegeneration are early events in DR. Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) plays a complex role in monocyte and macrophage […]

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a major cause of irreversible vision loss driven primarily by retinal vascular damage, yet its mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Here, we identify calnexin (Canx) as a critical suppressor of pathological angiogenesis in DR. We demonstrate that hyperglycemia synergizes with TNF-α to downregulate Canx in mouse retinal microvascular endothelial cells. This loss […]

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Michael Smith Health Research BC10.13039/501100000245RT-2024-03964Breakthrough T1DAWD-024144 BRET1DCA 2022Diabetes Canada10.13039/100013528OG-3-22-5646-ERCanadian Institutes of Health Research10.13039/501100000024AWD-024144 BRET1DCA 2022CIHR Postdoctoral FellowshipGS4-171365Breakthrough T1D Canucks for Kids Fund Centre of Excellence at UBC3-COE-2022-1103-M-B Source link

Ketone bodies, particularly β-hydroxybutyrate (3HB), are often elevated in type 1 diabetes (T1D); however, their physiological roles remain unclear. In a low-carbohydrate diet study, patients with insulin-deficient diabetes exhibited reduced fasting blood glucose and increased fasting blood ketone levels, negatively correlated. Another clinical study using continuous glucose and ketone monitoring confirmed inverse glucose–ketone fluctuations. To […]

We read with great interest the recent study by Sakaki et al. (1), evaluating uptake of [18F]FB(ePEG12)12-exendin-4 (18F-exendin-4) positron emission tomography/CT of the pancreas as a noninvasive marker of residual β-cell mass (BCM) in type 1 diabetes. A major strength of this work is that the mean standardized uptake value (SUVmean) of the pancreas at 120 […]

It was only 30 years ago that scientists discovered leptin, the protein hormone made by adipocytes. “People used to think of fat tissue as simply loose lipid-filled connective tissue. It was considered a boring topic,” Rana Gupta says. “But now we know that it talks. Fat tissue is having a conversation with the rest of […]