Category: Diabetes

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) disrupts the quantity, phenotype, and function of circulating vascular regenerative (VR) progenitor cells that are critical to vessel repair. These impairments include reduced progenitor clonogenicity, mobilization and homing to areas of ischemia, and imbalances in secretory function, collectively contributing to poor vascular healing and complications such as peripheral artery disease, […]

Prediabetes is highly prevalent and biologically heterogeneous, yet current glycemic definitions do not adequately capture differences in cardiometabolic and kidney risk. We aimed to identify metabolically defined subtypes of prediabetes using circulating metabolites and to examine their associations with cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic outcomes. We analyzed 24,638 participants with prediabetes from the UK Biobank who had metabolomics data […]

Structural brain alterations, including accelerated brain aging, occur in diabetes, as seen via MRI. The brain age gap (BAG) is likely caused by a combination of factors, including mechanisms associated with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) and neuropathic pain. In this study, 178 participants with type 1 diabetes (T1D) (n = 79 without DPN, 53 with […]

Obese adipose tissue is enriched in unsaturated triacylglycerol (TAG) species, yet the mechanisms driving this lipid remodeling remain incompletely understood. In this study, we conducted comprehensive lipidomic profiling of white adipose tissue from predominantly midlife obese individuals and consistently observed an enrichment of unsaturated TAG species. Acyl chain analysis of both TAGs and glycerophospholipids revealed […]

Zinc and ring finger protein 3 (ZNRF3) functions as a transmembrane E3 ubiquitin ligase. Although genome-wide association studies have implicated ZNRF3 in body fat distribution, the evidence from human genetics and animal models has been lacking. Here, through whole-exome sequencing of 1,944 obese individuals and 2,161 healthy lean control individuals, we identified a rare loss-of-function […]

Traditional measures such as BMI do not fully capture obesity-related metabolic risks. Here, we examined DXA-derived body composition patterns in children (n = 11,238) using the discriminative dimensionality reduction tree algorithm, which was validated in an independent cohort (n = 2,001). The tree structure revealed a continuous landscape of body composition phenotypes, with distinct spatial […]

Western diet (WD), characterized by high energy density and saturated fat, promotes obesity and insulin resistance (IR), yet how dietary lipid overload remodels skeletal muscle lipids at the subcellular level remains unclear. We investigated whether WD alters lipid class distribution and fatty acid (FA) incorporation within distinct muscle organelles and whether these changes relate to […]

Insulin has been regarded as the central regulator of systemic glucose homeostasis through regulation of hepatic glucose metabolism. Loss of insulin leads to dysregulation of glucose homeostasis in diabetes. Physical activity improves glycemic control in insulin-resistant and insulin-deficient states. However, it remains unclear whether exercise regulates hepatic glucose metabolism independently of insulin signaling. Irisin, an […]

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Both of Herman’s grandfathers were engineers. One began as a custodian for the Glenn L. Martin Company before moving into engineering and then starting his own businesses. The other worked alongside the RCA Corporation to develop radar. “Technology was moving away from vacuum tube–based electronic systems,” Herman says, “so he got upfront practical knowledge of […]