Category: Diabetes

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) impacts more than 9 million individuals globally. Despite a century since the isolation and clinical introduction of insulin, exogenous insulin injections remain the primary form of treatment for T1D. While continuous glucose monitoring systems and optimized insulin delivery reduce life-threatening hypoglycemic events, they do not provide a permanent cure. Transplantation of […]

The pharmacological actions of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) in type 2 diabetes (T2D) remain incompletely defined. We evaluated the acute effects of intravenous GIP infusion at a pharmacological dose on glucose homeostasis and cardiovascular responses during hyperglycemia in individuals with T2D. Ten participants, whose T2D was managed by diet and/or metformin monotherapy (n = 4 […]

Accumulation of DNA damage drives β-cell dysfunction, senescence, and death in type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Although α-cell dysfunction also contributes to disease pathology, α-cells remain remarkably resistant to senescence and increased cell death under diabetogenic stress. The mechanisms underlying these differential responses to diabetogenic stress, particularly differences in their DNA damage vulnerability, remain […]

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of vision loss and is associated with reduced nuclear retinoid X receptor (RXR) activity. Retinal explants exposed to high glucose showed downregulation of RXR, peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor (PPAR), and liver X receptor-β and their lipid metabolism targets (Abca1, Scd1, and Acox1). Supplementation with the RXR agonist UAB126 restored […]

This study aimed to identify integrated body composition patterns and evaluate their sex-specific associations with incident type 2 diabetes (T2D). Among 258,500 UK Biobank participants free of diabetes at baseline, principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to 28 anthropometric, fat, lean, bone, and muscle strength traits. Cox models assessed associations with incident T2D, and least […]

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a major cause of vision loss in working-age adults with diabetes. Increasing evidence implicates neuroinflammation as a vital element in the disease process of DR, yet the molecular mechanisms by which neuroinflammation activation occurs are not fully understood. This study shows that elevated glucose levels enhance O-GlcNAcylation of voltage-dependent anion channel […]

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) remains a leading cause of blindness, characterized by progressive neurovascular dysfunction. While the enzyme 12/15-lipoxygenase (12/15-LO) and its metabolites are upregulated in DR, their interactions with epigenetic regulators, such as miRNAs, are poorly understood. This study investigates the role of 12/15-LO in miRNA dysregulation and its functional consequences in a type 1 diabetic […]

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) remains the leading cause of end-stage renal disease worldwide, despite therapeutic advances. Podocyte injury constitutes a critical pathogenic process in DKD. This study elucidated the role of the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) in DKD-associated podocyte injury. In DKD, glomerular FcRn expression was markedly elevated and inversely correlated with podocin levels. In […]

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