Author: sugaradmin

By stimulating hepatic glucose production, glucagon (released by islet α-cells) restores normal blood glucose levels when they fall below the normal range. We used optogenetics in conjunction with electrophysiology, cytoplasmic free Ca2+ concentration imaging, and hormone release measurements to explore the intrinsic and paracrine regulation of glucagon secretion. Many α-cells were spontaneously active at 1 […]

The primary treatment for obesity involves calorie restriction (CR) to promote dietary weight loss achieved through interventions including behavioral modification, bariatric surgery, and antiobesity medications. In adults with obesity, CR-induced weight loss enhances physical function and improves quality of life, while also reducing the burden of various obesity-related chronic conditions, including hypertension, diabetes, obstructive sleep […]

Treatment responses to behavioral, surgical, and pharmacological approaches in obesity are highly variable in quantity and quality. Here we refer to high-quality weight loss as a high proportion of fat to skeletal muscle mass lost. Given the role of skeletal muscle in energy expenditure, glucose homeostasis, metabolic flexibility, mobility, and strength, excessive loss of skeletal […]

Sarcopenic obesity, a subtype of obesity, is marked by reduced skeletal muscle mass and function, or sarcopenia, and poses a significant health challenge to older adults as it affects an estimated 28.3% of people aged >60 years. This subtype is unique to older adults as aging exacerbates sarcopenia and obesity due to changes in energy […]

Until recently, the prevalence of endogenous Cushing syndrome has been considered to be low. However, improved diagnostic strategies and increased awareness have broadened our understanding of hypercortisolism and its role in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes, obesity, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. Recent studies from Europe, South America, and the U.S. have demonstrated that a […]

Ribosome profiling (Ribo-seq) measures translational regulation and reveals novel or unannotated open reading frames (nuORFs) otherwise difficult to identify. Recent reports demonstrate that nuORFs regulate gene expression and immune recognition, highlighting their emerging biological roles. Pancreatic β-cells are critical for maintaining euglycemic conditions, and β-cell impairment contributes to diabetes development. Identification of nuORF and protein/peptide […]

Diabetes holds significant social importance due to its high incidence rate and multitude of associated complications. The identification of diabetes biomarkers and the understanding of the intricate biological mechanisms underlying diabetes are crucial for the early diagnosis and treatment of diabetes. In this study, we conducted comprehensive omics profiling of CpGs, plasma proteins, and serum […]

Hypoglycemia is a preventable adverse treatment effect in diabetes patients, but genetic markers to identify those with increased susceptibility are lacking. We performed a case/control genome-wide association study (GWAS) of hypoglycemia in U.S. Million Veteran Program (MVP) participants with medication-treated diabetes. Case participants had an outpatient random serum/plasma glucose <70 mg/dL or an emergency department […]