Month: June 2026

Introduction and Objective: Recurrent iatrogenic hypoglycemia blunts the counterregulatory response (CRR) to hypoglycemia. This study tested the hypothesis that RH induces insulin resistance and that the insulin sensitizer, pioglitazone, prevents the development of insulin resistance and consequently prevents the development of a blunted epinephrine response to hypoglycemia.Methods: 8-10-week-old rats were randomized to 1 of 3 […]

Introduction and Objective: A recent randomized crossover trial compared a next-generation algorithm for Omnipod (Omnipod 6) with the first-generation Omnipod® 5 Automated Insulin Delivery System in a diverse population of adults (T1D/T2D) and children (T1D). Assessing performance of Omnipod 6 in those with T2D is needed given the unique pathophysiology, insulin needs, and concomitant therapy […]

Introduction and Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of mazdutide (MAZ) 9 mg, a once-weekly GLP-1 and glucagon receptor dual agonist, in Chinese adults with obesity.Methods: In this randomized, double-blind, placebo (PBO)-controlled trial (NCT06164873, GLORY-2), 462 Chinese adults with obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2; 16.0% with T2D) were randomized in a 2:1 ratio to receive […]

Introduction and Objective: The conventional hypoglycemic clamp utilizes high-dose IV insulin at fixed rates to induce target hypoglycemia, lacks standardized protocols and results in insulin overdose affecting spontaneous recovery. This improved hypoglycemic clamp procedure adjusts for individual insulin sensitivity and assesses “time to spontaneous recovery” as a critical endpoint.Methods: 12 healthy (41±12 yrs, 28±2 kg/m2) […]

Introduction and Objective: We have shown that beta cell-derived extracellular vesicle (EV) programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) reduces CD8+ T-cell activity and may protect against beta cell killing in T1D. However, underlying mechanisms linking differences in islet EV cargo to heterogeneity in beta cell survival are poorly defined.Methods: EVs were isolated using size exclusion chromatography from […]

Introduction and Objective: The efficacy and safety of the daily oral, non-peptide GLP-1RA orforglipron (OFG) were assessed as add-on to insulin glargine with/without metformin and/or SGLT-2 inhibitors in adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D) (ACHIEVE-5; NCT06109311).Methods: In this 40-week double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, phase 3 study, participants with T2D and inadequate glycemic control were randomized (1:1:1:1) […]

Introduction and Objective: Central KATP channel activation with diazoxide (DZX) suppresses endogenous glucose production (EGP) in rodents and humans (JCI 121:4916, 2011), suggesting that brain signals help regulate glucose metabolism. This regulation may require adequate insulin levels (Diabetes 60:3132, 2011). Since previous studies were performed at insulin levels ~20 µU/ml, we evaluated this regulation under […]

Introduction and Objective: We previously showed that SGLT2 inhibitors stimulate endogenous glucose production, offsetting their glucosuria-induced glucose lowering action, and that this effect is not explained by changes in plasma glucose, insulin, or glucagon concentration using a pancreatic clamp. To investigate the impact of Empagliflozin (an SGLT2 inhibitor) on fasting hepatic glucose production (HGP), gluconeogenic […]

Introduction and Objective: Carbohydrate counting remains a major burden in type 1 diabetes. We evaluated a novel fully closed-loop (FCL) insulin-and-pramlintide delivery system designed to eliminate carbohydrate counting.Methods: We conducted a randomized, crossover, noninferiority trial assessing 21 days of (i) hybrid closed-loop (HCL) insulin-and-placebo delivery with carbohydrate counting and FCL insulin-and-pramlintide delivery at (ii) an […]

Introduction and Objective: To investigate the potential of metoclopramide, a dopamine antagonist, in restoring impaired hypoglycemic counterregulation in a diabetic animal model.Methods: Diabetes was induced in 10-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats with streptozotocin (STZ, 65 mg/kg IP). Rats were randomized into three groups: 1) diabetic controls treated with recurrent saline (DRS, n=6), 2) diabetic rats preconditioned with […]