Month: September 2025

Several transcription factors regulate the fasting response in liver. They include FoxO1 and FoxO3, CREB, C/EBP α/β, glucocorticoid receptor (GR), peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor-α (PPARα), FoxA2, hepatocyte nuclear factor-α (HNF4α), and others. Genome-wide chromatin occupancy studies revealed an unexpected overlap of FoxO1 and PPARα DNA binding sites at active intergenic and intron enhancers, yet their functional […]

Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) are essential nutrients for humans. An elevated circulating BCAA level has been associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D), but the causal role of BCAAs in metabolic health remains unclear. Using a two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) approach, we assessed the bidirectional causal effects of circulating BCAAs on body composition, […]

This article summarizes the current understanding of the heterogeneity of type 1 diabetes from a June 2024 international Expert Forum organized by the editors of Diabetes, Diabetes Care, and Diabetologia. The Forum reviewed key factors contributing to the development and progression of type 1 diabetes and outlined specific, high-priority research questions. Knowledge gaps were identified, […]

Diabetes is characterized by a loss of functional β-cell mass; therefore, identifying factors involved in establishing and preserving β-cells is critical to combat rising diabetes incidence. While transcription factors are crucial β-cell regulators, knowledge of coregulators facilitating gene expression is limited. Previously, we demonstrated that the islet-1 (Isl1) transcription factor forms complexes with ubiquitin ligases […]

Iron overload (IO) is a common contributing factor to aspects of the metabolic syndrome (MetS), including insulin resistance. Mechanisms of IO-induced insulin resistance include elevated oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and impaired autophagy. Using an Akt biosensor L6 skeletal muscle cell line, we found that the adiponectin receptor agonist ALY688 prevented impaired insulin signaling […]

Survivors of childhood cancers who received high doses (40–60 Gy) of cranial irradiation (CI) have increased risks of developing obesity, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome (MetS). Here, we subjected mice to CI of 0, 0.5, or 2 Gy directed to the hypothalamus to explore the effects of low-to-moderate doses of CI on MetS risks. […]

In the article cited above, TG was incorrectly introduced as transforming secretory granules in the main text. The correct term is thapsigargin. Source link

Metabolic stress elicits functional changes in pancreatic islets, contributing to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying overnutrition stress in islet cells is not well understood. In our study, we subjected human islets to overnutrition with 25 mmol/L glucose and 0.5 mmol/L palmitic acid (glucolipotoxicity) or to a control culture condition […]

The “omnigenic” hypothesis postulates that polygenic effects of common variants on typical complex traits coalesce via trans effects on the expression of a relatively sparse set of “core” effector genes and their encoded proteins in relevant tissues. The objective of this study was to identify core proteins for type 1 diabetes. We used summary statistics […]