Month: July 2025

Introduction and Objective: Chronic diseases like diabetes strain healthcare systems among Saudi MEDGULF insured population. Traditional clinical guidelines and advanced AI-driven methods often exist in silos, hindering comprehensive management. This study introduces an Integrated Clinical-AI Stratification Framework that unifies evidence-based clinical protocols with AI models to enhance early detection, individualized risk stratification, and personalized interventions […]

Introduction and Objective: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is associated with “at-risk” MASH (steatohepatitis with significant fibrosis stage ≥F2) and cirrhosis. Magnetic resonance (MR) iron-corrected T1 mapping (cT1) allows for improved MASH risk stratification, but whether it may help define their metabolic profile needs further validation.Methods: We measured AST, ALT, HbA1c, insulin, FFA, liver […]

Introduction and Objective: Acute elevation of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) can induce peripheral insulin resistance and impair glucose uptake in muscle. Rodent studies have shown that elevation of NEFA through a high-fat diet impairs brain glucose uptake, and prior observational studies by our group have reported that higher NEFA levels correlate with lower brain glucose. […]

Introduction and Objective: Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) play a key role in developing insulin resistance. While Rho-kinase 1 (ROCK1) activation in hepatocytes promotes obesity-induced insulin resistance, the physiological role of ROCK1 in HSCs remains unclear. This study investigated the importance of ROCK1 in HSCs in the context of obesity-related metabolic dysfunction.Methods: Mice lacking ROCK1 in […]

Introduction and Objective: It has been suggested that infection may contribute to T1D development via extended exposure of islets to proinflammatory cytokines. Recent evidence, however, suggests that the primary effects of cytokine signaling in islets may be protective through the upregulation of antipathogen and antioxidant genes in β-cells. This study tests the hypothesis that there […]

Introduction and Objective: The present study aims to determine the relationship between insulin secretion pattern after glucose load in the early postpartum period (< 6 months) and the incidence of abnormal glucose metabolism (AGM) in the future among women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).Methods: This is a prospective cohort study that conducted […]

Introduction and Objective: Despite promising incretin therapies for type 2 diabetes (T2D), many humans with T2D respond poorly to incretins, and the underlying mechanism is unclear.Methods: Human islets with GPT2 silencing and β-cell-specific Gpt2 knockout mice (Gpt2βKO) were used to study incretin response and β-cell survival.Results: We report that mitochondrial transaminase GPT2 was induced in […]

Introduction and Objective: People with excess weight have a different susceptibility to type 2 diabetes. Underlying mechanisms explaining those differences are still a matter of debate. Our aim was to determine whether insulin sensitivity and secretion could be related to a spectrum of metabolic parameters.Methods: The subjects were healthy volunteers or patients with overweight/obesity seeking […]

Introduction and Objective: One-third of chronic pancreatitis (CP) patients who undergo total pancreatectomy with islet autotransplantation (TPIAT) achieve insulin independence. Little is known regarding diabetes (DM) related genetics on TPIAT. Genetic risk scores (GRS) are utilized in type 1 (T1D) and type 2 (T2D) DM to predict C-peptide (Cpep) before diagnosis.Methods: We genotyped 384 patients […]

Introduction and Objective: Subtypes of type 2 diabetes (T2D) identified at diagnosis differ in risks of diabetes complications. We modeled their metabolic trajectories preceding diagnosis to inform subtype membership and pathophysiology.Methods: From cohort studies (ARIC, CARDIA, DPP/OS, JHS, MESA), we subtyped individuals with newly diagnosed T2D (n = 2,691; age = 63 years [SD: 12], […]