Category: Diabetes

Introduction and Objective: Hypercortisolism may reduce the efficacy of GLP-1 RAs or tirzepatide by disrupting the incretin system, impairing beta cell function, and inducing insulin resistance. The CATALYST trial studied the prevalence and medical treatment of hypercortisolism in people with difficult-to-treat T2D. This sub-analysis assessed treatment with mifepristone (mife) in participants on GLP-1 RAs or […]

Introduction and Objective: The neutrophil percentage-to-albumin ratio (NPAR) is a novel inflammatory marker linked to adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Its prognostic value in patients with lower extremity arteriosclerosis obliterans (LEASO) undergoing endovascular revascularization remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the association between preprocedural NPAR and 1-year major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs).Methods: A prospective cohort study […]

Introduction and Objective: Maintaining long-term weight loss is challenging, and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear due to substantial individual variability. We developed a Metabolomic Adaptation Response (MAR) Index that integrates early metabolomic changes to predict long-term weight loss and examined whether plasma microRNAs from key metabolic organs influence the MAR.Methods: Untargeted plasma metabolomics were performed […]

Introduction and Objective: Brown adipose tissue (BAT) presents a promising target to combat obesity and metabolic diseases. In humans, BAT mass and activity substantially decline with aging. However, the mechanisms underlying the age-related decline in BAT remain poorly understood. Due to their genetic and physiological similarities to humans, non-human primates (NHPs) provide a powerful model […]

Introduction and Objective: Clinical evidence indicates that β1-blockers increase the risk of insulin resistance and metabolic disorders in obesity, yet the responsible cellular mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to identify the key effector cell type mediating β1-adrenergic regulation of obesity-induced metabolic dysfunction.Methods: Metabolic and immune phenotypes were assessed in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice with […]

Introduction and Objective: Metformin is commonly used off-label for prediabetes; however, other antihyperglycemic drug classes may provide greater weight loss and metabolic benefits. This real-world evidence (RWE) analysis compared the efficacy of GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs), dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonists (GIP/GLP-1RAs), and sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) to metformin for diabetes prevention.Methods: This retrospective […]

Introduction and Objective: Altered carbohydrate or lipid metabolism are characteristic of metabolic dysfunction in obesity. Bariatric surgery is an effective treatment for obesity that induces rapid remission of metabolic dysfunction, suggesting early reprogramming. Skeletal muscle (Skm) is a major contributor to whole body metabolism; thus it is a critical tissue for understanding these changes. However, […]

Introduction and Objective: β cell identity and insulin secretion depend on intact cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling, and its disruption contributes to β cell failure in type 2 diabetes (T2D), yet the upstream regulators remain incompletely defined. Here, we identify phosphodiesterase-4B (PDE4B) as a key negative regulator of β cell cAMP that contributes to β […]

Introduction and Objective: Although hyperglucagonemia contributes to excessive hepatic glucose output and hyperglycemia in diabetes, many mechanisms that regulate glucagon secretion remain poorly understood. The Gq-coupled vasopressin 1b receptor (V1bR) is highly expressed in α-cells and activated by vasopressin (AVP), which is elevated in patients with type 2 diabetes. The objective of this study was […]

Introduction and Objective: GLP-1RAs and SGLT2is reduce cardiometabolic risk in patients with T2D, but high OOP costs limit access among lower-income Medicare Part D enrollees not receiving subsidies (income >150% federal poverty level [FPL]). It is unclear which income levels are most vulnerable to cost-related medication discontinuation. Evidence is needed to inform equitable policy design […]