Month: June 2026

Introduction and Objective: The conventional hypoglycemic clamp utilizes high-dose IV insulin at fixed rates to induce target hypoglycemia, lacks standardized protocols and results in insulin overdose affecting spontaneous recovery. This improved hypoglycemic clamp procedure adjusts for individual insulin sensitivity and assesses “time to spontaneous recovery” as a critical endpoint.Methods: 12 healthy (41±12 yrs, 28±2 kg/m2) […]

Introduction and Objective: We have shown that beta cell-derived extracellular vesicle (EV) programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) reduces CD8+ T-cell activity and may protect against beta cell killing in T1D. However, underlying mechanisms linking differences in islet EV cargo to heterogeneity in beta cell survival are poorly defined.Methods: EVs were isolated using size exclusion chromatography from […]

Introduction and Objective: The efficacy and safety of the daily oral, non-peptide GLP-1RA orforglipron (OFG) were assessed as add-on to insulin glargine with/without metformin and/or SGLT-2 inhibitors in adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D) (ACHIEVE-5; NCT06109311).Methods: In this 40-week double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, phase 3 study, participants with T2D and inadequate glycemic control were randomized (1:1:1:1) […]

Introduction and Objective: Central KATP channel activation with diazoxide (DZX) suppresses endogenous glucose production (EGP) in rodents and humans (JCI 121:4916, 2011), suggesting that brain signals help regulate glucose metabolism. This regulation may require adequate insulin levels (Diabetes 60:3132, 2011). Since previous studies were performed at insulin levels ~20 µU/ml, we evaluated this regulation under […]

Introduction and Objective: We previously showed that SGLT2 inhibitors stimulate endogenous glucose production, offsetting their glucosuria-induced glucose lowering action, and that this effect is not explained by changes in plasma glucose, insulin, or glucagon concentration using a pancreatic clamp. To investigate the impact of Empagliflozin (an SGLT2 inhibitor) on fasting hepatic glucose production (HGP), gluconeogenic […]

Introduction and Objective: Carbohydrate counting remains a major burden in type 1 diabetes. We evaluated a novel fully closed-loop (FCL) insulin-and-pramlintide delivery system designed to eliminate carbohydrate counting.Methods: We conducted a randomized, crossover, noninferiority trial assessing 21 days of (i) hybrid closed-loop (HCL) insulin-and-placebo delivery with carbohydrate counting and FCL insulin-and-pramlintide delivery at (ii) an […]

Introduction and Objective: To investigate the potential of metoclopramide, a dopamine antagonist, in restoring impaired hypoglycemic counterregulation in a diabetic animal model.Methods: Diabetes was induced in 10-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats with streptozotocin (STZ, 65 mg/kg IP). Rats were randomized into three groups: 1) diabetic controls treated with recurrent saline (DRS, n=6), 2) diabetic rats preconditioned with […]

Introduction and Objective: Sustainable quality improvement in diabetes care remains challenging in resource-constrained health systems, where time and staffing often limit feasibility. This study evaluated whether a minimally time-consuming, continuously applied monitoring approach could support sustained glycemic improvement and guide data-informed interventions in a rural diabetes education program.Methods: Retrospective pre-post analyses were conducted on monthly […]

Introduction and Objective: Timely glycemic control reduces the risk of diabetes complications. This study evaluated whether initiating FreeStyle Libre (FSL) was associated with faster achievement of A1C targets (6.5%, 7%, and 8%) than no continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in non-insulin treated adults with type 2 diabetes (NIT2D).Methods: Using Truveta electronic health record data, adults (≥ […]