Introduction and Objective: To investigate the associations between immune cell subset frequencies and metabolic features (including islet autoantibodies, fasting C-peptide [FCP], and HbA1c) in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) in China.Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled 204 participants diagnosed with T1D. Flow cytometry was used to measure the immune cell subset (T/B/NK cells, Th cells, Treg cells, and B cells) frequencies in the peripheral blood. Logistic regression and linear regression were employed to investigate the associations between immune cell subset levels and clinical variables.Results: Mean age, duration, and HbA1c levels of participants were 47.7 years, 10.9 years, and 8.2%, respectively. It was found that higher levels of pTfh were associated with higher positive rate of IA-2A (OR=1.47, 95% CI: 1.02-2.16) and ICA (OR=1.63, 95% CI: 1.16-2.28). Lower levels of CD4+ T cell (OR=0.73, 95% CI: 0.56-0.95), higher levels of Th1 (TNF-α) (OR=1.35, 95% CI: 1.01-1.82) and pTfh (OR=1.47, 95% CI: 1.13-1.92) were associated with higher number of positive islet autoantibodies. Higher frequency of Th1 (IFN-γ) was associated with higher levels of HbA1c (β=0.26, 95% CI: 0.003-0.51).Conclusion: This study found that levels of peripheral blood Th1 cells and pTfh were associated with higher islet autoantibody positivity rate and elevated HbA1c in patients with T1D but FCP did not demonstrate significant associations with immune cell levels.
W. Yang: None. C. Lin: None. L. Ji: None. X. Cai: None.
Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases-National Science and Technology Major Project (2023ZD0508200, 2023ZD0508205), the 2024 National Clinical Key Specialty Construction Program of China (Department of Endocrinology, Peking University People’s Hospital) with support from the central government budget, Clinical Medicine Plus X-Young Scholars Project of Peking University (PKU2025PKULCXQ025), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities
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