Month: August 2025

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) improves glucose tolerance in patients with type 2 diabetes, but the effect on β-cell sensitivity to glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) remains unclear. We performed oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) and hyperglycemic clamps (at 15 mmol/L) with GIP, GLP-1, or saline coinfusions before and 1 week and 3 […]

Insulin is released by Ca2+-dependent exocytosis of secretory granules, while many receptors, ion channels, and transporters reach the plasma membrane by constitutive exocytosis of endosomal vesicles. Both processes rely on specific sets of soluble N-ethylmaleimide attachment protein receptor (SNARE) proteins for membrane fusion. Here, we used live-cell total internal reflection fluorescence imaging to understand the […]

Microvasculature and hemodynamic changes in the cerebrovascular system are valuable indicators for the investigation of diabetic cerebrovascular disease. However, it is challenging for conventional imaging techniques to capture these minute features, meaning that the specific effects of diabetes on the brain vasculature and its potential disruption of brain function remain inadequately investigated. Ultrasound localization microscopy, […]

Pancreatogenic or type 3c diabetes, which occurs as a consequence of pancreatitis, may have several mechanisms. Mechanisms overlapping with those of type 2 diabetes have been explored, including insulin resistance and insulin deficiency. However, autoimmune mechanisms in response to unmasking β-cell antigens, similar to those of type 1 diabetes (T1D), have not been thoroughly examined. […]

The prevalence of prediabetes is increasing globally, driven by rising obesity rates. Prediabetes increases the risk of neurodegenerative diseases, which are linked by neuroinflammation. Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), a neuroinflammatory and negative synaptic regulator, is involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative processes. However, the role and underlying mechanisms of PTP1B in prediabetes-induced cognitive impairment […]

Imeglimin, a drug for type 2 diabetes, reportedly promotes β-cell proliferation and increases β-cell survival; however, the detailed underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. Here, we investigated metabolites in pancreatic islets after imeglimin treatment via liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Treatment with imeglimin for 1 h significantly altered the levels of 17 metabolites at 5.6 […]

Insulin resistance (IR) is fundamental to the development of type 2 diabetes and usually precedes the disease by several years. Therefore, a better understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of IR may help better manage and prevent the metabolic syndrome. We used an integrated approach of anthropometric and biochemical measures in conjunction with serum lipidomics for […]

Metabolic and energy reprogramming, potentially regulated by protein lipoylation, plays a critical role in maintaining kidney function and cell survival in diabetic kidney disease (DKD). However, it remains unclear whether improper reprogramming contributes to the onset of DKD. To investigate this issue, we developed a group of metabolic mouse models with varying levels of protein […]

Recent clinical trials testing glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) demonstrated improved outcomes in obesity-associated complications, including cardiovascular events and hepatic steatosis. Despite their positive effects, whether the benefits of GLP-1 RAs are due to weight loss or are a direct therapeutic effect remains unclear. Therefore, we pair fed middle-aged low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout (Ldlr−/−) […]