Month: July 2025

Introduction and Objective: The main estrogen (17β-estradiol, E2) enhances insulin biosynthesis and secretion, protecting both female (F) and male (M) β-cells from metabolic stresses via the estrogen receptor-α (ERα). E2 activates unfolded protein degradation pathways, mitigating endoplasmic reticulum (EndRet) stress in human and mouse islets. However, the FDA-approved selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) bazedoxifene (BZA) […]

Introduction and Objective: T2D complications manifest across various organs, but are fundamentally rooted in vascular dysfunction, including fibrosis, inflammation, calcification and endothelial damage. Much of complication heterogeneity arises from variation in angiostructures (e.g., larger vessels vs. smaller capillaries) and how they are impacted by elevated glucose levels. This study aims to identify mechanisms underlying macro- […]

Introduction and Objective: Chromatin-associated regulatory RNAs (carRNAs), including promoter- and enhancer-associated RNAs, are known regulators of global gene transcription, yet the regulation of carRNAs remains poorly understood. Recent studies implicate RNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification in carRNA stability and function. Seminal work from our lab has shown that m6A “writers” (e.g., methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3) and METTL14) […]

Introduction and Objective: Structured education for type 1 diabetes (T1D) aims to empower individuals to manage their condition effectively. However, limited research has explored the long-term effects of structured education on glycemic improvement, severe hypoglycemia, or diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). This study assessed the 12-year impact of dose adjustment for normal eating (DAFNE) courses on glycemic […]

Introduction and Objective: Diabetes affects 1 in 10 Americans, highlighting the urgent need for novel therapeutic targets. The insulin receptor (InsR) signaling pathway, classically defined as IRS→ PI3K→ Akt→ FoxO1, is central to glucose regulation. However, evidence suggests an alternative, IRS→Akt-independent mechanism. This study investigates whether BRD7 (bromodomain-containing protein 7) regulates glucose homeostasis via a […]

Introduction and Objective: Despite the proven benefits of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in improving diabetes management, its adoption remains limited, particularly in primary care (PC) settings. This underutilization represents a critical gap in healthcare delivery.Methods: A CGM implementation program was launched within a large academic network to educate, train, and support primary care professionals—including residents, […]

Introduction and Objective: GLP-1(32-36), a major end-product of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), improves diabetic limb ischemia in mice independent of its insulinotropic effect. However, the mechanisms underlying this effect and its relevance in human ischemic lesions remain unclear.Methods: We used single-cell transcriptomics on the plantar muscles of diabetic foot patients and healthy controls to investigate […]

Introduction and Objective: Satisfaction with medical information plays a critical role in appropriate medication use and is fundamental to pharmacotherapy. This study addresses the lack of data on this important issue in the clinically important population of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) undergoing coronary angiography.Methods: We consecutively enrolled 697 patients who underwent coronary angiography […]

Introduction and Objective: DNA methylation (DNAm) changes have been associated with diabetic retinopathy (DR), but primarily in circulating white blood cells (WBCs). It is critical to determine whether DNAm patterns in WBCs are reflective of those in the retina. We compared DNAm patterns in the retina and WBCs of same individuals of the Joslin Medalist […]