Month: June 2026

Introduction and Objective: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease in which Treg dysfunction contributes to immune imbalance. While lactate-driven lactylation shows context-dependent immunomodulatory effects, its role in Treg regulation in T1D remains unclear. Here, we attempt to investigate the role of lactate in T1D and explore therapeutic strategies targeting gut microbiota-derived lactate.Methods: Effects […]

Introduction and Objective: Antigen-specific immune tolerance (ASIT), which suppresses pathogenic immune responses without impairing general immunity, has the potential to transform Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) treatment. We developed NanoGalaxy™, a hydrophilic nanoparticle (HNP) platform for targeted delivery of mRNA to splenic antigen-presenting cells and evaluated its therapeutic potential in the NOD mouse model of T1D […]

Introduction and Objective: Metabolic flexibility (MetFlex) is the ability to match substrate oxidation to fuel availability. Metabolic inflexibility—failure to increase lipid oxidation during high-fat intake—may promote weight gain, ectopic fat, and insulin resistance. MetFlex is often quantified as absolute change in oxidation, but this approach ignores substrate availability and is biased by baseline oxidation, potentially […]

Introduction and Objective: Incretin therapies exert important effects on the central nervous system (CNS) through incompletely understood mechanisms. We previously showed that brain glucose responses to hyperglycemic clamp are altered in diabetes and obesity. However, standard clamp-based assessments of brain glucose uptake and metabolism do not allow evaluation of a potential role for the incretin […]

Introduction and Objective: Effective diabetes prevention strategies exist, yet sustained patient engagement in preventive pathways within routine primary care remains challenging. In 2022, Maccabi Healthcare Services implemented a prediabetes program in Nazareth and Nof HaGalil, two cities in Northern Israel, employing a shared decision-making model. Patients chose between physician-led care and physician care combined with […]

Introduction and Objective: β-cell dysfunction and loss drive type 2 diabetes (T2D) progression. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists improve β-cell function and health but are limited by discontinuation and glycemic rebound. We developed a single-dose adeno-associated virus gene therapy encoding human GLP-1 driven by an engineered insulin promoter (AAV.INS.GLP1) for durable, β-cell-specific, nutrient-responsive expression and […]

Introduction and Objective: Our recent work reported the identification of the adaptive vasculogenic fibroblast (VF), which can generate new blood vessels during tissue repair (Pal et al., Nat Commun, 2023). While these cells are physiologic and injury-inducible, they can also be therapeutically induced by inhibiting fibroblast miR-200b using tissue nanotransfection (TNT) technology (PMIDs: 28785092, 34837085, […]

Introduction and Objective: State Medicaid programs differ widely in formulary design and prescribing practices for diabetes medications. Little is known about how formulary breadth translates into treatment initiation and sustained adherence. We assessed state-level variation in access, utilization, and adherence to major diabetes drug classes and examined alignment between formulary breadth and medication use.Methods: Using […]

Introduction and Objective: GLYAT is a mitochondrial enzyme involved in medium-chain acyl-CoA metabolism, but its function in adipose tissue is unknown. We investigated the role of adipose GLYAT in obesity-associated metabolic dysfunction and its regulation of adipocyte mitochondrial function.Methods: Transcriptomic analysis was performed on paired subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue samples from 236 participants (56 […]

Introduction and Objective: Aging is the strongest risk factor for T2D, yet how age-dependent changes in energy-regulating tissues drive metabolic decline remains unclear. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) plays a role in adaptive thermogenesis and glucose metabolism, but whether aging alters BAT remodeling in a stage-dependent manner is unknown.Methods: We performed integrated metabolic phenotyping and single-cell […]