Month: June 2026

Introduction and Objective: Brown adipose tissue (BAT) presents a promising target to combat obesity and metabolic diseases. In humans, BAT mass and activity substantially decline with aging. However, the mechanisms underlying the age-related decline in BAT remain poorly understood. Due to their genetic and physiological similarities to humans, non-human primates (NHPs) provide a powerful model […]

Introduction and Objective: Clinical evidence indicates that β1-blockers increase the risk of insulin resistance and metabolic disorders in obesity, yet the responsible cellular mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to identify the key effector cell type mediating β1-adrenergic regulation of obesity-induced metabolic dysfunction.Methods: Metabolic and immune phenotypes were assessed in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice with […]

Introduction and Objective: Metformin is commonly used off-label for prediabetes; however, other antihyperglycemic drug classes may provide greater weight loss and metabolic benefits. This real-world evidence (RWE) analysis compared the efficacy of GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs), dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonists (GIP/GLP-1RAs), and sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) to metformin for diabetes prevention.Methods: This retrospective […]

Introduction and Objective: Altered carbohydrate or lipid metabolism are characteristic of metabolic dysfunction in obesity. Bariatric surgery is an effective treatment for obesity that induces rapid remission of metabolic dysfunction, suggesting early reprogramming. Skeletal muscle (Skm) is a major contributor to whole body metabolism; thus it is a critical tissue for understanding these changes. However, […]

Introduction and Objective: β cell identity and insulin secretion depend on intact cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling, and its disruption contributes to β cell failure in type 2 diabetes (T2D), yet the upstream regulators remain incompletely defined. Here, we identify phosphodiesterase-4B (PDE4B) as a key negative regulator of β cell cAMP that contributes to β […]

Introduction and Objective: Although hyperglucagonemia contributes to excessive hepatic glucose output and hyperglycemia in diabetes, many mechanisms that regulate glucagon secretion remain poorly understood. The Gq-coupled vasopressin 1b receptor (V1bR) is highly expressed in α-cells and activated by vasopressin (AVP), which is elevated in patients with type 2 diabetes. The objective of this study was […]

Introduction and Objective: GLP-1RAs and SGLT2is reduce cardiometabolic risk in patients with T2D, but high OOP costs limit access among lower-income Medicare Part D enrollees not receiving subsidies (income >150% federal poverty level [FPL]). It is unclear which income levels are most vulnerable to cost-related medication discontinuation. Evidence is needed to inform equitable policy design […]

Introduction and Objective: The FreeDM2 randomized controlled trial (NCT05944432) demonstrated that real-time continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) with FreeStyle Libre 3 led to a significant improvement in A1c at 16 weeks, compared to self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG). This analysis assessed whether benefits are consistent across type 2 diabetes (T2DM) characteristics.Methods: The primary outcome, mean change […]

Introduction and Objective: CGM can improve glucose levels for insulin-treated type 2 diabetes (T2D). Small trials have found benefits of CGM for T2D not on insulin therapy (NIT), but a fully powered RCT is needed to provide higher-level evidence for this population. To meet this need, we are conducting a multicenter RCT of CGM use […]

Introduction and Objective: SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with increased risk of diabetes mellitus (DM). Paxlovid (nirmatrelvir/ritonavir) is an antiviral approved for individuals at high risk for severe SARS-CoV-2 infection, but its effect on post-SARS-CoV-2 DM risk is unknown. We examined whether outpatient Paxlovid use was associated with incident DM over 2 years in adults aged […]