Introduction and Objective: This study aims to examine the gut and oral microbiome characteristics associated with chronic complications in T1D and explore potential links between these microbiomes.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study with 74 T1D patients (disease duration >10 years) and 43 healthy controls. Clinical data such as blood glucose, lipids, and complication-related tests were collected. Fecal and mouthwash samples were taken for metagenomic sequencing. Patients were grouped based on the number of chronic complications (diabetic nephropathy, retinopathy, peripheral neuropathy, and macrovascular complications) into three groups: no complications, one complication, and two or more complications. The differences in gut and oral microbiomes among the groups were analyzed.Results: β-diversity analysis showed significant differences in microbiome structure across groups (p = 0.001). Specific gut bacteria (Candidatus Propionivibrio aalborgensis, Eubacterium ventriosum, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii) and oral bacteria (Microlunatus antarcticus, Streptococcus gordonii, Corynebacterium durum) were linked to the number of complications. Gut and oral microbiota showed positive correlations with each other, particularly, Candidatus Propionivibrio aalborgensis and Microlunatus antarcticus. Further analysis showed, Additionally, Eubacterium ventriosum was negatively correlated with blood glucose and vascular complications, while Microlunatus antarcticus was positively correlated with disease duration and blood glucose levels.Conclusion: Distinct oral and gut microbiome characteristics associated with varying severities of chronic complications in T1D, and the differences in oral and gut microbiome species are correlated. This study offers new insights into T1D complications and potential strategies for their management.
X. Li: None. R. Tang: None.
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