Category: Diabetes

Introduction and Objective: EVs are membrane-bound nanoparticles that contribute to cell:cell communication. β cell EV PD-L1 protein is increased by interferon (IFN) exposure and is able to bind and inactivate CD8+ T cells, suggesting a role in the interplay between β cell destruction and survival in T1D. However, mechanisms underlying β cell PD-L1 incorporation into […]

Introduction and Objective: Calcium (Ca2+) is a key regulator of aerobic metabolism; yet, regulation of mitochondrial Ca2+ handling is understudied in pancreatic β-cells. The mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) and mitochondrial sodium-calcium exchanger (NCLX) were identified as the major routes for Ca2+ influx and efflux across the inner mitochondrial membrane. Prior studies have shown that reduced […]

Introduction and Objective: Once-weekly (QW) insulins have emerged as a research focus due to their potential to enhance treatment acceptance and adherence by reducing injection frequency. This trial studied the efficacy and safety of a novel QW insulin analog GZR4 versus once-daily (QD) insulin degludec (IDeg) in basal insulin-treated subjects with T2D inadequately controlled by […]

Introduction and Objective: South Asian (SA) adult studies suggest insulin deficiency contributes to increased T2D risk. Our prior data found higher OGTT insulin in SA vs. White (W) and African American (AA) adolescents and young adults (AYA). Using mathematical modeling, we aim to investigate this finding by characterizing insulin sensitivity (Si), 1st pass hepatic extraction […]

Introduction and Objective: Once-weekly (QW) insulin aims to reduce treatment burden by lowering injection frequency, potentially enhancing treatment acceptance and adherence. This trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of a novel QW insulin analog GZR4 versus once-daily (QD) insulin degludec (IDeg) in insulin-naïve subjects with T2D inadequately controlled by OADs.Methods: In this open-label, treat-to-target phase […]

Introduction and Objective: Our goal was to identify the value of continuous glucose monitor (CGM) screening to identify individuals with stage 2 type 1 diabetes (T1D). If these individuals are identified, then useful treatments, such as teplizumab, may help delay the onset of stage 3 (symptomatic) T1D.Methods: We used a group consensus process consisting of […]

Introduction and Objective: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) agents have demonstrated cardiovascular disease (CVD) benefits in adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D) at high and moderate CVD risk. However, their head-to-head comparative risk of cardiovascular outcomes is unknown.Methods: We conducted a clinical trial emulation comparing CVD outcomes between patients treated with four GLP-1RAs. Using medical […]

Introduction and Objective: Acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 1 (ACSL1) is activated in macrophages by palmitate, driving foam cell formation through the CD36/FABP4/PPARδ axis. Our prior research showed that inhibiting ACSL1 reduces inflammation and alters lipid uptake, suggesting it as a therapeutic target. Here, we examined whether oral Triacsin C, a small-molecule ACSL inhibitor, can […]

Introduction and Objective: Pemvidutide is a long-acting, peptide-based GLP-1/glucagon dual receptor agonist that elicits significant reductions in body weight and serum lipids in preclinical and clinical studies. Reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) is an important process for removing excess cholesterol from peripheral tissues. Preclinical studies have suggested that glucagon may enhance the elimination of cholesterol, possibly […]

Introduction and Objective: We have discovered that verapamil inhibits pancreatic islet expression of beta cell toxic thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) and preserves beta cell function in mice and in subjects with T1D and these clinical findings have been independently validated. However, as a calcium channel blocker, verapamil has many additional effects. We therefore aimed to explore […]