Introduction and Objective: Understanding the relationship between diabetes, sarcopenia, and lifestyle factors like diet and physical activity remains limited, particularly in the MENA region. While most research focuses on individual nutrients, a dietary pattern approach offers a more comprehensive perspective. This study examines the impact of dietary patterns and diabetes on sarcopenia risk among adults in Qatar.Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 695 adults using data from the Qatar Biobank. The sample was split into individuals with sarcopenia/probable sarcopenia (n=83) and those without sarcopenia (n=612). Sarcopenia risk was assessed using the European consensus on definition and diagnosis of sarcopenia. Sociodemographic, lifestyle factors including a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), and biochemical data were analyzed. Four dietary patterns were identified through factor analysis conducted on data obtained from FFQ. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify associations between study variables and sarcopenia.Results: Individuals with sarcopenia/probable sarcopenia (11.9%) were older, reported lower education and physical activity, and were more likely to have diabetes, hypertension, higher HbA1c and triglycerides, and lower LDL-cholesterol and testosterone levels. The logistic regression revealed that diabetes significantly increased sarcopenia risk (OR=3.41, 95% CI: 1.54-7.57), while higher levels of physical activity decreased the risk in the entire sample (OR=0.31, 95% CI: 0.14-0.67) and in individuals with diabetes (OR=0.41, 95% CI: 0.18-0.93). There was no significant independent association between dietary patterns and sarcopenia.Conclusion: Diabetes was associated with an increased risk of sarcopenia, whereas higher levels of physical activity showed a decreased risk. Programs to manage diabetes and promote physical activity is essential for preventing sarcopenia in this population.
M. Bassil: None. S. Begum: None. H. Shaaban: None. A. Asad: None. H.M. Chatila: None.
This research was supported by Qatar University. Sincere gratitude to Qatar Biobank for providing data that supported the research.
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